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US-Japan courier industry: To vitality but also to secure

  • Author:Yang Chen
  • Release Date:2014-04-12
     With the continuous development of China's e-commerce market is growing, online shopping has become many people an integral part of everyday life. In the growing scale of online shopping, while the courier industry has mushroomed rapidly emerging every day people may Dengzhe colored electric cars in the streets of couriers pass. Facilitate the development of express industry people's lives, it also brings delivery concerns such as security, close inspection is lax and other issues. "Killer Express" event occurred last year also sounded a warning to the people. United States, Japan and other developed countries in the express delivery market regulation has accumulated a wealth of experience, it is worth learning from.
United States: Government and industry associations co-regulatory
U.S. express delivery market through long-term development has become a very mature market, government and industry associations through close cooperation, joint exercise of industry regulatory responsibilities, becoming a major feature of American Express Industry Safety and Health operation, its experience is worth our courier industry reference.
Strong government regulation violators will be subject to heavy penalties
     1970s, the U.S. express market with a huge development, the development of the U.S. express delivery industry has been very mature, the market is completely free and open, there are no barriers to entry business, companies are free to enter or exit the market, based on providing consumers The type and quality of screening services, but government security is still very strictly regulated industries.
     The U.S. government does not have a dedicated courier industry, regulatory agencies, and its regulatory responsibilities scattered in various departments, mainly through regulatory means to develop a variety of laws and regulations to regulate the various areas involved in the industry to ensure fair competition in the market not only energetic, but also safe and orderly and healthy development.
Regulatory authorities involved in this industry include: the U.S. Transportation Security Administration, is responsible for the safety of courier items; U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Commerce, the main import and export of goods to ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations, and to identify potential safety risks.
U.S. Transportation Security Administration after the "9.11" terrorist attacks, was established to strengthen safety supervision courier items become the focus of the government regulate the courier market. Followed by the introduction of relevant U.S. law that requires all providers of air transport services, courier companies must be registered in the Transportation Security Administration, the staff of enterprises to accept the historical background investigation. In 2006, the United States Air Cargo Transport Authority carried out a large-scale management rules changes, the council will be in more than 4,000 companies were registered courier information networking, and employed more than 100,000 employees the historical background investigation.
     From August 1, 2010, the U.S. use of air delivered to all goods must accept electronic scanning, for the development of cargo scanning process proved Authority to provide air transport services to ensure that all courier companies before goods arrive at the airport pre-scan. U.S. Air Transport Association, one of the three people in charge of the Association of American Express industry Brandeis Fried told reporters at the U.S. Transportation Security Administration currently has more than 500 inspectors on the courier company's compliance with the relevant safety laws and regulations, is strictly act in accordance with the approved safety procedures implemented normalization supervision.
     Freed said that if the Board found that the courier company in violation of relevant laws and regulations of security, it will be investigated, and if found just a small mistake, the Authority will work together with the company to correct the error, the company's operations meet safety standards; If you find serious violations, the Authority will be responsible for the company and involved in a civil or criminal penalties, such as fines, prohibition of the courier company in the United States engaged in air transport services involved, the responsible person may be fined and sentenced so on.
     The United States recently together because the courier company was in violation of safety laws and regulations punish a major place in 2010, the company was punished is headquartered in New York named OHL courier companies. According to the U.S. Department of Justice verdict disclosed February 8, 2012, the Transportation Security Administration found the company in December 2010 in accordance with the previously established by the Authority neither confirmed cargo scanning process to scan all cargo air transport, for the the company was fined $ 1 million. Which involved three person responsible will face up to five years in prison and a $ 250,000 fine.
Strong association with the government and enterprises to build bridges
     In the U.S., the courier industry associations are very important civil society organizations, is essential for regulating and promoting the healthy development of the security market. The main role of a member of the Association is not involved in the business, the association is to serve as a bridge between business and government to help formulate relevant laws, regulations and policies in place to ensure that, while the business demands timely feedback to legislative bodies and government departments.
     Since many U.S. express delivery companies, industry associations are also many, the biggest of the three associations are: American Express Association, founded in 2008, is the largest U.S. Express Association, there are four members, namely U PS, FedE x and DHL, TNT The U.S. subsidiary; American Express and Logistics Association, the major courier companies serving the United States end; U.S. Air Transport Association, the major service companies engaged in air cargo express delivery. Inter-Association holds regular activities, interact, discuss, and promote common interest development industry and safety regulatory issues.
     American Express Association official Michael Mullen told reporters that the association three main aspects of the role, one assist government and business to achieve the required safety checks to ensure safe delivery goods; two services for enterprises, strengthen coordination with various government departments, Under the premise of ensuring safety, courier services to enable enterprises to more smoothly; Third push to reach the various free trade agreements, promote the rapid development of express industry.
     It is understood that the U.S. government although the direct supervision of courier companies, but in terms of more willing to listen to feedback from dealing with associations, because the situation is more fully reflect the Association, the Association members by organizing various activities to reflect the questions and comments timely feedback to the Government and Members so that the relevant legislation and policies more targeted, more practical operability.
     Under the joint supervision of the government and industry associations, American Express industry embarked on a sustained and healthy development of the road, when the courier has become a respectable profession. In the United States, a considerable courier must provide a Social Security number, similar to the ID number. Candidates if defaulted bank loans or criminal record, this number can be found through. With security number protection, couriers also dare not take away privately express parcel operations or security breaches behavior. In addition, the income of a courier, health, social insurance commitments by the courier companies, more secure, and is considered a hard profession to serve the public generally respected by the community, the courier will try to keep his reputation, not to teeny a small profit in violation of the safe operation of the process and ruin future.
Interviewed experts and industry insiders believe that the security industry regulatory experience of Chinese American Express has two inspirations. First, the government should formulate relevant laws, policies, standards of practice and to the refinement process, the courier companies involved in all areas of implementation supervision, to ensure business law, highlighting the problem areas, to configure adequate human, material, financial supervision. In 2012, the U.S. Transportation Security Administration's annual budget reached $ 7.6 billion; while heavy penalties for illegal enterprises, the responsible person held criminally liable. The second is to encourage the establishment of associations spontaneously express delivery companies. As the courier companies vary widely, in addition to the establishment of large associations, but also need to establish clearer serve small associations, so that these associations between the government and corporate communications bridge.
Japan: highly centralized strict standards
     Japan express industry after nearly 30 years of development has become more sophisticated, high degree of concentration by industry consolidation, strict industry standards, standardized operating procedures, the courier industry in Japan while maintaining high-speed development, strict safety regulatory barrier, eliminate security risks.
Industry concentration express industry in Japan is very high. According to the latest data released by the Ministry of Land, 2012 Number courier Japan has more than 3.5 billion. After sufficient competition and consolidation, Japan Express owners want to focus resources to several large transport companies, courier companies by market share once for Yamato Transport (Transnet), Sagawa (Gamba Transnet), Nippon Express (Pelican will) , post office (postal pack), Seino Transportation (Kangaroo will), Fukuyama Transporting (blessing laxative). Of which the first five accounted for 99.5% market share, the first three representing 92.7%, Yamato Transport and Sagawa where they lead, both of which accounted for more than 70%.
Highly concentrated industry characteristics so basically does not exist in Japan express industry disorderly competition, and large courier company attaches great importance to corporate image, so safety regulators express industry in Japan has a natural advantage. Because business focus, the situation is driven by economic interests have not received basic object carrier qualification does not occur. Moreover, taking into account the violation would have to pay a high price and corporate image damage, companies are not doing more harm than good thing. To maintain service quality and corporate image, Japan Home Delivery management of the site is very strict, couriers salary parity is also high, and does not vary with the number of regions, such as the recipient, such as the Yamato Transport hourly wage in Tokyo salesman basically 1000-1200 yen (above restaurants, convenience stores, etc.), transportation subsidies reimbursement (up to 500 yen per day), the insurance is also very complete, will not embrace the courier business in violation of safety regulations Sent charged.
     Industry standard courier industry in Japan is very strict norms. Infrastructure and Transport, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Economy have developed relevant laws and regulations promulgated by the Ministry of Land in 1990, "Standard Delivery will transport about money" (in 2003 and last modified) of "General", "Accept objects" each refinement terms "delivery object", "indication", "accident", "responsibility", responsibility for all aspects of delivery are detailed provisions. According to the covenants and Fire Services Act and other administrative regulations, the courier company to develop the company's carrier about money, such as refuse carriage of goods, the provisions covering the companies as follows: toxic substances, violent reaction substances, corrosive substances; gunpowder and other flammable dangerous, dirty items and may cause harm to other goods items; cash and checks, securities, etc.; bones, tablets, altar; swords Gun; pets and other living creatures; non-renewable The manuscript, artwork, audio, storage, memory and so on. Which of dangerous goods, Ministry of Internal Affairs Fire Department issued a "hazardous substance control technology benchmark breakdown" METI also issued a "chemical substances classified Management Manual" for toxic substances, corrosive substances identified recognition guidance.
     When the recipient, the courier will require the user to express verbal and written confirmation of non-object above items, the sender must verbally declare that the documents and fill out the precise content of the specific name, such as daily necessities must be specifically described tract clothes, stationery, etc.; cosmetics must be specific to the lotion, soap, etc.; medicines must be accurate to the stomach medicine, cold medicine. If you can not be refined to such a level, the courier will refuse recipients.
     "Standard Delivery will transport about money" also stipulates that the contents of the name of the company to the user if Home Delivery waybill fill in doubt, you can check the box in the presence of the user, if the user does not agree, the company will refuse to carry. However, in Japan, respect for individual privacy, social habits and culture, couriers usually does not check the box, unless the probability of air transport in the case, check the box bigger. But whether there is no box to check if the contents were inconsistent with the actual, once an accident, the sender will bear the main responsibility, subject to legal action. Courier companies will also have to report to the Transport Ministry, Ministry of Internal Affairs and other related departments, and even accept the administrative guidance.
     For dangerous goods, Japan has more stringent security standards. Japan has specialized carriers responsible for the chemicals, such as perishable goods transport of dangerous goods, they must obtain a "qualified hazardous materials transportation handler" and "Poisonous and Deleterious Substances handler qualification", custody of dangerous goods, distribution, processing, provide full service delivery process. Dangerous goods storage warehouse with a dedicated, specialized transport vehicle trips. Hitachi System Plaza Company General Director of the Ministry of health and safety courses wells, said to reporters, because the use of dedicated warehouses and special vehicles to ensure the safety of higher costs, many of the transport of dangerous goods, but basically no user because I wanted to save this cost on behalf of the general cargo the transport of dangerous goods, because it is completely illegal, it will pay a high price. Moreover, ordinary courier companies do not have contact with the chemical business on.